Paracox-8, Suspension for Oral Suspension for Chickens

administered to chickens between day-old and 9 days of age, inclusive.
Shake the container vigorously for 30 seconds before use to ensure homogeneous
suspension of the oocysts.
a) in drinking water
The product may be administered in water via line drinkers from first placement of the
chicks at 1 day of age, provided that a procedure is used that ensures consumption
of the vaccinated water evenly by all chicks, avoiding settlement of oocysts. For
example, the following methods have been shown to be successful:
The vaccine should be diluted to a concentration of 1 dose per 2 ml in cold tap water.
Care should be taken to empty the vial completely by rinsing in the water used to
dilute the vaccine, and the diluted vaccine should be well stirred immediately before
use. Calculate the total volume of water in the drinker system to be used, the average
number of birds per drinking line and therefore the number of drinker lines and
volume of diluted vaccine required. For static drinker lines, it is recommended that
birds should be thirsted for 1-2 hours prior to administration. Each line should be
drained and primed under gravity with diluted vaccine immediately before allowing
birds access to the nipples. An initial charge (about 1 litre) of an indicator (e.g. milk)
can be used to show when the line has been filled to the end and can be closed
without wasting vaccine. Turn on the mains water supply when all of the diluted
vaccine has been consumed. For drinker lines temporarily connected up to a
recirculating system, it is recommended that vaccine dilution be carried out in a
temporary reservoir incorporated within the circulation system, ensuring that the
contents remain well mixed at all times. In order to mix the oocysts evenly, the diluted
vaccine should be allowed to re-circulate through the drinker lines before the birds
are allowed to drink.
The above examples are intended as a guide to illustrate the principles that should
be followed in adapting a particular pipeline drinker system.
Due to the difficulties associated with getting very young birds to drink from nipple
drinkers, particular care should be taken to ensure that chicks of 1-3 days old take
sufficient water for vaccine uptake when vaccinated using this method.
Alternatively, vaccination using supplementary drinkers between 5-9 days may be
preferred. Occasionally on farms using nipple lines, supplementary drinkers are
provided for the first 4-5 days. These may be fount-type drinkers or small bell-type
drinkers which are automatically fed from the nipple line. If each supplementary
drinker of this type is fed individually from the line, then the method of vaccination is
essentially similar to bell-type drinkers. If, however, these drinkers are fed in
sequence from a single nipple, one may encounter problems of air-locks after this
type of drinker has been disconnected in order to deprive the birds of water for the 1-
2 hours before vaccination. In this case it may be more appropriate to make an initial
dilution of vaccine in a suitable container, e.g. a watering can, and pour the diluted
vaccine into each drinker, as for individual founts.
IMPORTANT
The vaccine should not be administered into the main header tank of the watering
system. The dilution of vaccine would be too high and the oocysts would not remain
in suspension.
b) on feed
A method of application should be chosen that ensures rapid, even coverage of the
total surface area of the feed available to the chicks. The vaccine may be sprayed,
using a coarse spray, diluted in water. The vaccine should be diluted in cold tap
water to a concentration of 1 dose per 0.4 ml (1 000 doses of vaccine added to 400
ml of water, 5 000 doses of vaccine added to 2 litres of water). Care should be taken
to empty the vial completely by rinsing it in the water used to dilute the vaccine and to
ensure that the applicator reservoir is agitated regularly throughout application to
avoid settling out of oocysts.
c) Spray-on-chickens
Vaccine should be delivered using a dose volume of 0.21 ml of diluted vaccine per
bird using a coarse spray. Determine the delivery capacity of the spray device in
terms of the volume delivered per 100 birds. Multiply this volume by 50 to give the
total volume of diluted vaccine required for 5 000 doses (or by 10 for 1 000 doses).
i.e. for the preparation of 5 000 doses diluted vaccine, a total of 0.21 × 5 000 = 1 050
ml diluted vaccine is needed and is divided over the vaccine, solvent and water as
below:
1. 20 ml vaccine (1 vial)
2. 500 ml solvent (1 bottle)
3. Fill up to 1 050 ml with tap water
i.e. for the preparation of 1 000 doses diluted vaccine, a total of 0.21 × 1 000 = 210
ml diluted vaccine is needed and is divided over the vaccine, solvent and water as
below:
1. 4 ml vaccine (1 vial)
2. 100 ml solvent (1 bottle)
3. Fill up to 210 ml with tap water
The solvent contains a red colouring agent and xanthan gum, both of which are
included for better uptake. Water used for vaccine dilution should be fresh, cool and
free of pollution. Use clean containers for vaccine preparation. Shake the 5 000 dose
(or 1 000 dose) vial of vaccine vigorously for 30 seconds to ensure re-suspension of
the oocysts. Empty the content of the vial completely by rinsing with a small quantity
of the water used to dilute the vaccine. Empty the content of the solvent bottle
completely by rinsing with the remaining amount of water and mix to a uniform
solution. Add the vaccine solution to the solvent solution and mix thoroughly. Add the
diluted vaccine to the applicator reservoir and spray evenly over the birds using a
coarse spray. Ensure a controlled, even coverage of the total internal surface area of
the box containing the chickens. Leave the birds in the box for at least 30 minutes in
a well-lighted area to allow time for the birds to preen.